K-Patents Applications in the Chemical and Miscellaneous Industries

Polymers
Fertilizers and Explosives
Chlor-Alkali Industry
Fine Chemicals and Others
Polymers

Phenolic Resins: Phenol (C6H5OH), Formaldehyde (HCHO)
K-Patents Process Refractometer provides real-time measurement of formaldehyde concentration before reactor and in recirculation to control the reaction degree and to determine the amount of water at the end of the batch. K-Patents refractometer is the only process refractometer which can measure the required high Refractive Index (R.I. 1.63).
Ref: Application Note 4.03.01 pdf

Polycarbonate
K-Patents Process Refractometer provides real-time measurement of resin in solvent after reactor (e.g. reactor of bis-phenol A and phosgene in methyl chloride solvent). Typical measurement range is 5-30% polymer in solvent.
Ref: Application Note 4.03.02 pdf

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Fertilizers and Explosives

Ammonium Nitrate: NH4NO3
K-Patents Process Refractometer provides real-time concentration measurement of Ammonium Nitrate solution (90-98%) after concentrator and after slurry tank. Both measurements are essential to reach the required product quality when producing higher quality ammonium nitrate fertilizers.
Ref: Application Note 4.06.01 pdf

Glycerol: Glycerol (Glycerin)
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures Glycerin concentration in evaporation feed and evaporation control to maximize the production capacity and to economizes the process.
Ref: Application Note 4.06.02 pdf

Nitroglycerine: CH2(ONO2) · CH(ONO2) · CH2(ONO2)
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures Nitroglycerin and Nitroglycol concentrations of the waste acid in the waste acid control for safety reasons to avoid the danger of inversion phase and explosion.
Ref: Application Note 4.06.03 pdf

Phosphoric Acid: H3PO4
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Phosphoric Acid in concentration stages and in the end product in the wet-process, where the purification is done either by chemical precepitation or the solvent extraction. Typical measurement range is 60-90%.

Urea-Ammoniumnitrate
 K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of urea and ammonium nitrate in the mixing tank and Urea-Ammoniumnitrate solution after the mixing tank to ensure the right quality of the end product. For measuring the total nitrogen content of the solution it is recommended to use a combination of K-Patents refractometer and a density device.
Ref: Application Note 4.06.04 pdf

Urea: NH2CONH2
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of urea in the evaporation control after the reactor of carbon dioxide and ammonia. The quality of end product can be improved using K-Patents real-time exact measurement.The typical measurement range is 65-75%.
Ref: Application Note 4.06.05 pdf

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Chlor-Alkali Applications

Sodium Hydroxide/Caustic Soda: NaOH
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Sodium Hydroxide after the brine electrolytic cell in the feed to evaporators and after the evaporators. The measurement range before evaporators is 25-35% and after the evaporators 45-55%.
Ref: Application Note 4.08.01 pdf

Brine: NaCl
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Brine in water in the electrolysis. The measurements are in the feed to electrolytic cell (concentration 250-320 g/l) and in the brine recirculation line (concentration 190-210 g/l).
Ref: Application Note 4.08.01 pdf

Hydrochloric Acid: HCl
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Hydrochloric Acid in the feed to storage tank. The measurement range is 30-35%.
Ref: Application Note 4.08.01 pdf

Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Sulphuric Acid before the dryer. The measurement range is 88-98%.
Ref: Application Note 4.08.01 pdf

Sodiumhypochloride: NaClO
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Sodiumhypochloride in the feed to storage tank. The measurement range is 0-12%.
Ref: Application Note 4.08.01 pdf

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Fine Chemicals and Other Chemicals

Cutting Oils
 K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Cutting oils the manufacture of ferrous and non-ferrous metal products, such as tin cans etc. The purpose is to keep the concentration on a constant level before the lubricant is sprayed onto the surface of a stamping tool or a steel sheet. The control of lubricants is important to ensure quality of stamped parts.
Ref: Application Note 4.09.01 pdf

Detergents
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the dry solids of the liquid wax solution after blending the polymers and volatile carriers (liquids e.g. water or acid). Accurate control of the solid and volatile carriers content in the product is needed for quality reasons. The typical measurement range for example in the manufacture of floor wax is 10-30% solids (1.33-1.40 R.I.).
Ref: Application Note 4.09.02 pdf

Ethanol/Ethyl Alcohol: C2H5OH
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of ethanol and water mixture after the catalytic hydration of ethene. Typical measurement range is 0-50%.
Ref: Application Note 4.09.03 pdf

Ethylene Glycol: ( (CH2OH)2
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Ethylene Glycol and water mixture in the quality control of cooling systems in compressor stations. Typical measurement range is 0-40% or 30-70%.
Ref: Application Note 4.09.04 pdf

Hydrogen Peroxide: H2O2
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide after extraction tower and before distillator in the autoxidation process. K-Patents PR-01-S has several advantages in the Hydrogen Peroxide process. The measurement is not affected by gas/air bubbles, color or particles of the process. There is no need to build a sample by-pass line, since the sensor is installed in-line.
Ref: Application Note 4.09.05 pdf

Oleum
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Oleum in a control loop to ensure the final product quality. As the end product is viscous and warm and it contains small air bubbles, a K-Patents refractometer is required to ensure a stable, drift-free measurement. Measurement range is 22-35%.
Ref: Application Note 4.09.06 pdf

Sodium Acetate/Sodium Ethanoate: NaO2C2H3
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Sodium Acetate in a recirculation loop. The output signal is used to control the water addition prior to the static mixer to maintain the final Sodium Acetate concentration at approx. 7%. Laboratory titration technique often gives false readings due to interference of the process. Laboratory analyses can be replaced by K-Patents digital real-time measurement.
Ref: Application Note 4.09.07 pdf

Sodium Dichromate: Na2Cr2O7 · 2 H2O
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Sodium Dichromate in the evaporation process after the evaporator and at the feed of end product to storage tank.
Ref: Application Note 4.09.08 pdf

Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Sulphuric Acid in the absorber tower to keep the product contents constant at 93, 98 or 104% by weight. The final product is viscous, containing small air bubbles. These error sources do not influence K-Patents digital measurement.
Ref: Application Note 4.09.09 pdf

Sulphate in Brine/Salt Production: Na2SO4
K-Patents Process Refractometer measures the concentration of Sulphate in Brine in the crystallizing evaporator to economize the process and to prevent too large amount of sodium sulphate to crystallize resulting in impure salt. This way the exactly right salt quality can be achieved. Typical measurement range is 0-30g/l sulphate in brine.
Ref: Application Note 4.09.10 pdf

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